Basic knowledge of elevators

1 Definition

(1) Elevator: It is a fixed lifting and transportation equipment used in high-rise buildings. It has a passenger car that runs between floors along guide rails with a vertical or inclined angle of less than 15 °.

(2) Car: It is a part similar to a carriage that directly carries passengers, usually a closed box after the door is closed.

(3) Car door: The door of a car that automatically opens and closes as seen by passengers from inside the car. It runs up and down together with the elevator car.

(4) Floor door (also known as hall door): a door located at the entrance of elevators on each floor, which does not move up and down with the elevator, but opens or closes together with the car door.

(5) Call box (also known as call box): It is located next to the entrance doors of elevators on each floor, usually with two arrow buttons on the top and bottom, for passengers to call the elevator car to this floor station.

(6) Car interior control panel: installed on the inner wall of the car, it has digital buttons representing each floor, as well as door opening and closing buttons and emergency call buttons, mainly used by passengers to select the destination floor after entering the elevator.

(7) Automatic escalator: a transportation equipment with a circulating staircase used to continuously transport passengers up or down at an inclined angle. When viewed directly, it looks like a moving staircase accompanied by a moving handrail.

(8) Automatic pedestrian walkway: a circulating walkway, similar to a flattened escalator, typically used for transporting passengers with a horizontal or inclined angle of no more than 12 ° and items carried by passengers.  

2 Categories

(1) Passenger elevator: An elevator used to transport passengers, generally used in office buildings, hotels, and other places.

(2) Bed elevator: an elevator used to transport medical equipment for hospital beds (including patients), mainly set up in hospitals and other places. Its characteristic is that the load capacity and car area cannot be too small, otherwise it will not be able to transport hospital beds, oxygen cylinders, bottle racks and other rescue equipment.

(3) Residential elevator: An elevator used for residential buildings, whose car shape and size should not only consider transporting personnel, but also consider the ability to transport furniture, appliances, stretchers, or wheelchairs.

(4) Sightseeing elevator: mainly installed in hotels, shopping malls, and high-rise office buildings, with one or several shaft walls and car walls made of transparent materials. Passengers can enjoy the scenery outside the car while riding the elevator.

3 Basic knowledge of elevator riding

3.1 Normal elevator ride

At present, manned elevators are intelligent and automated equipment controlled by microcomputers, and do not require specialized personnel to operate and drive them. Ordinary passengers only need to follow the following procedures to ride and operate the elevator.

(1) At the entrance of the elevator on the boarding floor, press the up or down arrow button according to your own needs. As long as the light on the button is on, it means that your call has been recorded. Just wait for the elevator to arrive.

(2) After the elevator arrives and opens the door, first let the occupants out of the elevator, and then let the caller enter the elevator car. After entering the elevator car, press the corresponding number button on the control panel according to the floor you need to reach. Similarly, as long as the button light is on, it means that your selected layer has been recorded; At this time, there is no need to perform any other operations, just wait for the elevator to stop at your destination floor.

(3) After the elevator reaches your destination floor, it will automatically open the door. At this point, exiting the elevator in order will end the process of taking the elevator.

3.2 Precautions for Civilized Elevator Riding

(1) Call (summon) the elevator. Press the call button on the call box according to your own needs for going up and down stairs. When going up stairs, only press the up arrow button, and when going down stairs, only press the down arrow button. Don't press both buttons, otherwise the elevator may be slower. The call button only needs to be pressed once, and as long as the button light is on, there is no need to press it again. Because pressing it the same number of times does not increase the speed of the elevator, but rather makes it easier to damage the button. Don't beat the button or the door panel just because of a slightly longer waiting time.

(2) Enter the elevator. When the called elevator arrives at the station on this floor, there will be lights, numbers, or sound prompts to wait and enter the elevator. After the elevator arrives and opens the door, enter the elevator in order and select your destination floor button on the control panel inside the car. Don't be afraid if the elevator door is closed when entering the elevator, because each elevator door has a door closing detection device. When a passenger enters or exits, the door will automatically reopen. Even if the safety touch panel touches the human body when the door is closed, there is no need to be afraid, and it will not cause any harm. Attention: Passengers and children should not stop and play at the elevator entrance. When the elevator car is full, do not forcefully enter the car again, otherwise the car will sound an alarm due to overload and cannot be started.

(3) During the elevator operation. Passengers should relax while standing in the elevator and not open the door; Once the door crack is opened, the elevator will brake urgently, affecting normal operation.

(4) Get out of the elevator. When the elevator reaches your destination floor, wait for the elevator to stop running and the doors to automatically open before exiting the elevator one by one.

3.3 Correctly ride the escalator

Escalators and moving walkways are continuous transportation equipment. When riding on escalators, children should be led by adults and children should be picked up by adults. Don't hesitate when entering or exiting the escalator. Generally, there are square safety warning lines on the steps of an escalator. When stepping, do not step on the line, that is, do not step on the joint between the two steps. Otherwise, when the escalator enters the inclined running section, people will not stand steadily and fall. For people who ride an escalator normally, they should stand on the right side and hold onto the handrail on the right side. There is no need to be nervous at the exit of the escalator, just step out along the way.

3.4 Precautions for Civilized Riding on Escalators

(1) Children are not allowed to linger or play at the entrances and exits of the escalator steps.

(2) Do not climb onto the handrail.

(3) Do not pick the lower part of the armrest strap with your hands.

(4) Do not bend over on a moving escalator and reach your hands into the comb plates at the entrance and exit of the steps.

(5) Do not discard hard objects such as fruit pits and stones on the steps, do not insert sharp hard objects such as umbrella tips into the gaps around the steps, and do not insert them into the comb plates.

(6) Items and luggage should be carried by hand.

4. Emergency response when taking the elevator

4.1 Elevator doors cannot be closed

After entering the elevator, if the elevator door cannot automatically close completely and pressing the door closing button cannot completely close it, passengers should immediately leave the car and transfer to another elevator or take the stairs. If convenient, one should report to the elevator maintenance department for repairs.

4.2 Locked in the elevator car

Passengers in the elevator car, regardless of the reason why the car stops or does not start, and cannot automatically open the door; At this time, passengers should remain calm and not take any hasty actions (such as opening the door or knocking open the safety window on the upper part of the car roof and ceiling to climb outward). The correct approach is:

(1) Continuously press the alarm button on the control panel inside the elevator car, and the elevator alarm bell will sound. Personnel outside the car will immediately know who is inside the car and seek professional maintenance personnel to handle it.

(2) Pick up the telephone on the control panel inside the car and dial for help according to the prompts on it; Or press the phone button on the control panel to call for external assistance. At present, the telephones inside the elevator car are connected to the machine room and the duty room, and there will be someone answering the phone call.

(3) The personnel trapped in the car should wait for external professionals to come and rescue and release them. When professional personnel arrive for rescue, be sure to follow their instructions and cooperate with their actions through phone calls or shouting to ensure the safety of all personnel.

Emergency response when riding an escalator

At the lower part of the entrance and exit of the escalator, there are two red buttons marked with the word "stop". If a person falls or objects such as fingers and heels are caught on the escalator, the person at both ends of the escalator should be called to immediately press the "stop" button to stop the escalator. If the duty personnel or ordinary passengers at the end of the escalator discover an emergency situation, they should immediately press the "stop" button to avoid causing greater harm.

6 Elevator Management

According to the "Regulations on Quality Supervision and Safety Supervision of Special Equipment" issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine in 2001, "special equipment" includes elevators, lifting machinery, in plant motor vehicles, passenger ropeways, amusement machines and equipment, explosion-proof electrical equipment, etc. The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China is responsible for the quality supervision and safety supervision of special equipment nationwide; The local quality and technical supervision administrative department is responsible for the quality supervision and safety supervision of special equipment within its administrative area; The special equipment safety supervision institutions of the quality and technical supervision administrative departments at all levels are responsible for implementing quality supervision and safety supervision of special equipment within their respective areas of responsibility. Special equipment safety supervision agencies at all levels should play the role of industry departments and social intermediary organizations in implementing quality and safety supervision of special equipment.